Egypt is an intensive user of modern technologies to improve
agricultural productivity in view of the natural resource base scarcity
and population pressure. With this in mind, the very creation of the
Ministry of Agriculture in the beginning of the 20th century was
preceded by the establishment of technical divisions and the development
of research capabilities. These endeavors culminated into the creation
of the Agricultural Research Center (ARC) in the early 1970s. Over the
past two decades, numerous achievements have been realized, including
the development of new varieties, improved agronomic practices,
livestock development, maintenance of the national herds and better food
processing techniques. New crops and animal breeds have also been
introduced and research has been dedicated to problem- solving, side by
side with basic science. The overarching goal is to maximize the
economic return per unit of land and water. Within the national
agricultural development strategies, ARC assumes the following major
functions:
- Conducting applied and basic research to generate a
continuous flow of technologies that help increase productivity and
reduce production cost;
- Transfer of new technologies to the
farming community through extension service; and monitoring their
adoption by the end users; and
- Human capital development as a continual process.
The Center has so far implemented four 5-year plans and initiated the fifth 5-year plan (2002-2007) in July 2002.
According
to its Founding Law, ARC is required to develop its infrastructure, set
its priorities, train its research personnel and support staff and
upgrade its physical capabilities, with a view to achieve greater
sustainability. Over the past two decades, ARC research personnel have
increased from 1720 researchers in 1982 to 4300 researchers in 2001. New
Central Laboratories and Institutes have been added to improve
performance in the on-going plan which is built on the following pivotal
themes:
- Sustainable development of research and extension capabilities;
- Upgrading technology transfer channels; and
- Utilizing, to the maximum level possible, the findings of science and technology developed abroad.
The
fifth 5-year plan incorporates 14 research programs, being implemented
by 16 Institutes, 13 Central Labs, 10 regional stations, 36 specific
research stations, 21 research administrations throughout Egypt and 4
research, extension and training centers of excellence. This effort is
further supported by other partner agencies in MALR, MWRI, universities
and sister research centers. Multidisciplinarity is the major feature of
the current plan and key to its success. Clearer definition of research
topics, geared to solving specific problems, is also another feature,
complemented by the set objectives and the physical, human and financial
resources earmarked to attain them.
In view of the foregoing, ARC
is now in a position to better serve the agricultural development
efforts over the coming five years.
Five years have already elapsed
since the publication of the first ARC's Arabic and English Directory in
1998. It was deemed necessary to update this document, considering the
new ARC roles and mission.
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